Bradycardia Vs Tachycardia and Management

(Bradycardia):
Definition:
The heart rate less than 60 beats per minute or more, is known as Bradycardia.

Sinus Bradycardia:
A sinus rate is < 60 bpm during day or < 50 bpm during sleep is known as sinus Bradycardia.

Causes:
1- Physiological:
i-In athletes.
ii-During Sleep.

2- Pathological:
Extrinsic causes:
Uses of drugs (beta blockers, Digoxin and verapamil), Increased ICP, hypothyroidism and hypothermia.
Intrinsic causes:
Sick sinus syndrome and Acute Ischemia or Infarction of sinus node.

Management:
Treat the cause of Bradycardia.
TPM in Symptomatic bradycardia, if there is reversible causes.
PPM in Symptomatic bradycardia, if there is irreversible causes.
Acute Symptomatic bradycardia can respond to the (Atropine 0.6 mg).

(Tachycardia):
Definition:
The heart rate more than 100 beats per minute or more, is known as Tachycardia.

Sinus Tachycardia:
Resting sinus rate is > 100 bpm is called as sinus tachycardia.

Causes:

Non-Cardiac:
Acute:
Fever, pain, hypovolemia, infection and emotions.
Chronic:
Pregnancy, Anemia and Beta agonist (salbulamol).

Cardiac:
HF with compensatory sinus tachycardia.

Management:
Treatment of cause.
Symptomatic Sinus tachycardia can be reduced with beta blockers such as Verapamil.